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GOOD MORNING – TODAY IS MONDAY, April 01, the 91st day of 2019 with 274 to follow. Sunrise in the Boston area is @ 6:27 and sunset is @ 7:08. The moon is waning. The morning stars are stars are Uranus and Venus. The evening stars are Mars, Mercury, Neptune, Saturn & Uranus.
ON THIS DAY IN: 0527 – Justinianus became the emperor of Byzantium.
1572 – The Sea Beggars under Guillaume de la Marck landed in Holland and captured the small town of Briel.
1621 – The Plymouth, MA, colonists created the first treaty with Native Americans.
1724 – Jonathan Swift published Drapier’s letters.
1748 – The ruins of Pompeii were found.
1778 – Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, created the “$” symbol.
1789 – The U.S. House of Representatives held its first full meeting in New York City. Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania was elected the first House Speaker.
1793 – In Japan, the volcano Unsen erupted killing about 53,000.
1826 – Samuel Mory patented the internal combustion engine.
1853 – Cincinnati became the first U.S. city to pay fire fighters a regular salary.
1863 – The first wartime conscription law went into effect in the U.S.
1864 – The first travel accident policy was issued to James Batterson by the Travelers Insurance Company.
1865 – At the Battle of Five Forks in Petersburg, VA, Gen. Robert E. Lee began his final offensive.
1867 – Blacks voted in the municipal election in Tuscumbia, AL.
1867 – The International Exhibition opened in Paris.
1867 – Singapore, Penang & Malakka became British crown colonies.
1868 – In Virginia, The Hampton Institute was established.
1872 – The first edition of “The Standard” was published.
1873 – The British White Star steamship Atlantic sank off Nova Scotia killing 547.
1873 – Mehmed Kemals play “Vatan” premiered in Constantinople.
1881 – Anti-Jewish riots took place in Jerusalem.
1881 – Kingdom post office in Netherlands opened.
1889 – The first dishwashing machine was marketed (in Chicago).
1891 – The London-Paris telephone connection opened.
1891 – The William Wrigley Jr. Company was founded in Chicago, IL. The company is most known for its Juicy Fruit gum.
1905 – The British East African Protectorate became the colony of Kenya.
1905 – Paris and Berlin were linked by telephone.
1916 – The first U.S. national women’s swimming championships were held.
1918 – England’s Royal Flying Corps was replaced by the Royal Air Force.
1924 – Adolf Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison for high treason in relation to the “Beer Hall Putsch.”
1924 – Imperial Airways was formed in Britain.
1927 – The first automatic record changer was introduced by His Master’s Voice.
1928 – China’s Chiang Kai-shek began attacking communists.
1929 – Louie Marx introduced the Yo-Yo.
1930 – Leo Hartnett of the Chicago Cubs broke the altitude record for a catch by catching a baseball dropped from the Goodyear blimp 800 feet over Los Angeles, CA.
1931 – An Earthquake devastated Managua Nicaragua killing 2,000.
1931 – Jackie Mitchell became the first female in professional baseball when she signed with the Chattanooga Baseball Club.
1933 – Nazi Germany began the persecution of Jews by boycotting Jewish businesses.
1935 – The first radio tube to be made of metal was announced.
1937 – Aden became a British colony.
1938 – The first commercially successful fluorescent lamps were introduced.
1938 – The Baseball Hall of Fame opened in Cooperstown, NY.
1939 – The U.S. recognized the Franco government in Spain at end of Spanish civil war.
1941 – The first contract for advertising on a commercial FM radio station began on W71NY in New York City.
1945 – U.S. forces invaded Okinawa during World War II. It was the last campaign of World War II.
1946 – Weight Watchers was formed.
1946 – A tidal wave (tsunami) struck the Hawaiian Islands killing more than 170 people.
1948 – The Berlin Airlift began.
1949 – “Happy Pappy” premiered. It was the first all-black-cast variety show.
1950 – Italian Somalia became a United Nations trust territory under Italian administration.
1952 – The Big Bang theory was proposed in “Physical Review” by Alpher, Bethe & Gamow.
1953 – The U.S. Congress created the Department of Health Education and Welfare.
1954 – The U.S. Air Force Academy was formed in Colorado.
1955 – “One Man’s Family” was seen on TV for the final time after a six-year run on NBC-TV.
1960 – France exploded 2 atom bombs in the Sahara Desert.
1960 – The U.S. launched TIROS-1. It was the first weather satellite.
1963 – Workers of the International Typographical Union ended their strike that had closed nine New York City newspapers. The strike ended 114 days after it began on December 8, 1962.
1963 – The Soap operas “General Hospital” and “Doctors” premiered on television.
1970 – The U.S. Army charged Captain Ernest Medina in the My Lai massacre.
1970 – U.S. President Nixon signed the bill, the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, that banned cigarette advertisements to be effective on January 1, 1971.
1971 – The United Kingdom lifted all restrictions on gold ownership.
1972 – North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops renewed their offensive in South Vietnam.
1973 – Japan allowed its citizens to own gold.
1976 – Apple Computer began operations.
1979 – Iran was proclaimed to be an Islamic Republic by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after the fall of the Shah.
1980 – A failed assassination attempt against Iraqi vice-premier Tariq Aziz occurred.
1982 – The U.S. transferred the Canal Zone to Panama.
1983 – New York Islander Mike Bossy became the first National Hockey League (NHL) player to score 60 goals in 3 consecutive seasons.
1985 – World oil prices dropped below $10 a barrel.
1986 – The U.S. submarine Nathaniel Green ran aground in the Irish Sea.
1987 – Steve Newman became the first man to walk around the world. The walk was 22,000 miles and took 4 years.
1987 – U.S. President Reagan told doctors in Philadelphia, “We’ve declared AIDS public health enemy No. 1.”
1991 – Iran released British hostage Roger Cooper after 5 years.
1991 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that jurors could not be barred from serving due to their race.
1991 – The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved.
1992 – Players began the first strike in the 75-year history of the National Hockey League (NHL).
1996 – U.S. President Bill Clinton threw out the first ball preceding a game between the Kansas City Royals and the Baltimore Orioles.
1997 – David Carradine received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1998 – A federal judge dismissed the Paula Jones’ sexual harassment lawsuit against U.S. President Clinton saying that the claims fell “far short” of being worthy of a trial.
1999 – In Zhytomyr, Ukraine, Anatoliy Onoprienko was sentenced to death for the deaths of 52 men, women and children. 43 of the killings occurred in a 6-month period.
1999 – The Canadian territory of Nunavut was created. It was carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories and covered about 772,000 square miles.
2001 – China began holding 24 crewmembers of a U.S. surveillance plane. The EP-3E U.S. Navy crew had made an emergency landing after an in-flight collision with a Chinese fighter jet. The Chinese pilot was missing and presumed dead. The U.S. crew was released on April 11, 2001.
2001 – Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic was arrested on corruption charges after a 26-hour standoff with the police at his Belgrade villa.
2003 – North Korea test-fired an anti-ship missile off its west coast.
2003 – Jason Mewes was ordered to complete drug rehabilitation or face five years in jail stemming from a drug conviction in 1999.
2004 – U.S. President George W. Bush signed the Unborn Victims of Violence Act. The bill made it a crime to harm a fetus during an assault on a pregnant woman.
2004 – Gateway Inc. announced that it would be closing all of its 188 stores on April 9.
2009 – Albania and Croatia joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
2010 – The U.S. Congress cut Medicare reimbursements to physicians by 21%.